PAGINAS Y RECORTES

martes, 14 de agosto de 2012

Aeronaves VTOL, información complementaria para todos sobre La Base Miranda (SVFM). Por: Enrique Alberto Martín Cuervo


Aeronaves VTOL, información complementaria para todos sobre La Base Miranda (SVFM).



Por: Enrique Alberto Martín Cuervo

Me permito informarles y compartir con Ustedes lo siguiente para que estén en cuenta y se despejen dudas, mitos o sombras,en relación a las operaciones de Aeronaves VTOL en La Carlota, a saber :

Estimados amigos actualmente en el mundo las únicas dos aeronaves, que son aviones y pueden despegar verticalmente  (VTOL = Vertical Take Off & Landing) y que son las más avanzadas en las fases de prueba y de utilización son:

1) El Harrier, un avión de combate probado y certificado, que transporta armas, es un Jet Caza Interceptor, no puede llevar carga, probado en combate y se gano en la guerra de Las Malvinas, su reputación, para tristeza de America Latina y ciertamente ninguna guerra es buena. 

2) El Osprey V-22, que usa la Infantería de Marina de USA, todavía esta en prueba pero en fase muy avanzada, casi por terminar, el puede transportar personal y carga, pero a nivel mundial no llegan a 30 aeronaves. No hay versiones civiles y solo las fuerzas militares de USA la tienen, por su envergadura y tamaño ciertamente requiere de la misma área, grande de seguridad, para aterrizar que un helicóptero M-26, quizás un poco más.  Esta aeronave fue usada en la guerra del golfo, su participación fue reducida pero adecuada en el transporte de tropas y su incursión en territorio enemigo, puede hacer vuelo estacionario. NUNCA se ha utilizado, por ahora en apoyo a desastres o eventos adversos (no se ha probado en estas actividades). Los sobre nombres ha esta aeronave no son muy buenos (Flying Bedsteam o “camastro volante”, “Urna Voladora”, “Caja de Corazones Púrpuras” o “Hacedor de Viudas”), debido a los accidentes ocurridos (varios) con resultados muy preocupantes, las aeronaves como otros vehículos siempre tienen accidentes, algo lamentable, pero en aeronaves en proceso de prueba, estos no hacen mucho bien como paso recientemente con el Sukhoi Superjet 100 en Indonesia, eso no significa que al ser usadas se caerán o pasara una desgracia, no, lo que quiere decir es que requiere de más atención, inspecciones, revisión por hora de vuelo, que el resto de las aeronaves, hasta que se superen los obstáculos, así paso con los DC-10 y la puerta de carga, luego de superar los inconvenientes fue y es uno de los aviones más seguro. La aviación siempre esta alerta por eso los fabricantes emiten boletines de alerta y boletines técnicos, para garantizar la seguridad de las operaciones, todavía salen boletines de los DC-3, incluso hasta de las Cessnas 206, 182, etc., pues la seguridad no se detiene, esta en movimiento para salvar vidas (prevención de accidentes – PREVAC). El V-22 será sin lugar a dudas la maquina del futuro y seguramente la aviación caminara al vuelo VTOL, pero el trecho es muy largo para llegar todavía a ese futuro, quizás más de 50 años, dependiendo de los resultados y las vivencias de la operación del V-22 hoy, que gracias al Harrier es que se comenzaron a dar los pasos en este camino (es adecuado indicar que no hay aeronave mala, todas tienen sus ventajas, desventajas y características técnicas, performance que debe y tiene que ser considerado). Pero por ahora no es la mejor y más eficiente opción.

Por tanto, visto lo anterior ninguna de estas dos (2) aeronaves, pudiera ser usada en caso de un desastre, la primera es un avión de combate, la segunda, todavía requiere ser probada y sus mejoras están escrita con la sangre de los que murieron en los accidentes, por tanto debemos contemplar por ahora, el uso de aviones STOL entre otros y helicópteros, esto no es un mito señores, ni cuentos chinos es una realidad operacional, por eso en mi escrito remitido de La Carlota no hable de estas dos (2) aeronaves, lo demás no existe o no son ni eficientes como por ejemplo: El AW-609 (todavía sin certificación en prueba, pero no es muy grande caben 12 personas, es como un helicóptero mediano), un globo, dirigible, un ultraliviano y lanzar carga en paracaídas es posible pero complejo, hay que dedicarle tiempo para una explicación técnica detallada, hay un riesgo y hay que evaluarlo, pero no hay duda más seguro y eficiente es la pista. Creo que por eso existen los expertos en cada área y por eso me permito nutrirlos con información verdadera y no mitológica o utópica, sino concreta, real y veraz, para que así puedan evaluar el contexto general y tomar una decisión adecuada para el bien común, no mis deseos, sino el bien a tutelar que es la seguridad en la acepción más grande de esta palabra, sin dejar nada por fuera, como diría un buen amigo.

Aquí les anexo unos artículos sobre estas aeronaves para información general, disculpen que la mayoría este en ingles por favor:


mundo/norteamerica/panetta-
dice-que-los-aviones-osprey-no-volaran-hasta-que-japon-despeje-las-dudas-de-seguridad,72b6a662d7ee8310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html

Panetta dice que los aviones Osprey no volarán hasta que Japón despeje las dudas de seguridad



04 de agosto de 2012 • 00:22
Foto: EFE en español

El secretario de Defensa de EEUU, Leon Panetta, garantizó hoy a Japón que los aviones militares Osprey que desplegará en la provincia de Okinawa son seguros y no realizarán vuelos hasta que el Gobierno nipón despeje las dudas sobre su seguridad.

Panetta se reunió en Washington con el ministro nipón de Defensa, Satoshi Morimoto, y ambos hablaron de las preocupaciones que ha despertado en Japón el despliegue de los Osprey por las dudas sobre su seguridad después de que aviones de este tipo hayan estado implicados en recientes accidentes en Marruecos y en Florida (EEUU).

"En reconocimiento de las preocupaciones del Gobierno japonés sobre la seguridad de esa aeronave, nos abstendremos de cualquier operación de vuelo en Japón en el corto plazo", dijo el jefe del Pentágono en una rueda de prensa tras la reunión con Morimoto.

Según Panetta, el Departamento de Defensa de EEUU presentará durante este mes al Gobierno japonés los resultados de la investigación de los accidentes recientes que involucraron a aviones Osprey para que pueda "reconfirmar" la seguridad de sus operaciones.
Hoy mismo el ministro nipón "tendrá la oportunidad de ver de primera mano la impresionante capacidad del avión", agregó Panetta.

En la misma línea, Morimoto explicó que, hasta que se confirme su seguridad, Estados Unidos "se abstendrá de volar los Osprey en Iwakuni".

Los aviones llevarán a cabo pruebas de vuelo en Iwakuni (suroeste) antes de ser trasladados a finales de año a la isla de Okinawa (sur), donde EEUU mantiene la mitad del contingente de cerca de 48.000 soldados que tiene en Japón.

Este año los dos países acordaron la salida de 9.000 soldados estadounidenses de Okinawa, que acoge a la mayor parte de la presencia militar de EEUU en Japón desde el fin de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Este acuerdo satisface las demandas de Tokio, que se quejaba de la fuerte presión y roces con la población civil que supone la presencia de unos 19.000 soldados en un territorio insular tan pequeño.


articles/2012/07/23/business/
doc500dabd5503b0127635118.txt

Boeing's V-22 Osprey aircraft arrive in Japan amid protests (With Video)
Published: Monday, July 23, 2012
BY ERIC TALMADGE,



Associated Press






Ground crew members fit out a MV-22 Osprey at U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni in Iwakuni, Yamaguchi Prefecture, western Japan, Monday, July 23, 2012. A shipload of the U.S. military's latest transport aircraft arrived in Japan on Monday amid protests over safety issues that have aggravated longstanding grassroots concern over the presence of American bases in the country. (AP Photo/Kyodo News)


TOKYO (AP) — A shipload of the U.S. military's latest transport aircraft arrived in Japan on Monday amid protests over safety issues that have aggravated longstanding grassroots concern over the presence of American bases in the country.







Workers began unloading and assembling the 12 MV-22 Osprey - which are partially made at the Boeing plant in Ridley Township -  in the city of Iwakuni soon after the ship arrived. The U.S. plans to deploy the tilt-rotor aircraft to Okinawa to replace older CH-46 helicopters that are already there.






The Osprey deployment has become the latest rallying point for base opponents and a serious headache for officials in Tokyo and Washington hoping to calm anti-base sentiment.

Although the Ospreys will only be in Iwakuni briefly, opposition there has been unusually strong, with both the mayor and the governor saying they do not support even temporarily hosting the aircraft. Opposition to the large military presence on Okinawa is deep-rooted, and protesters on Monday held a sit-in outside the base where the Ospreys are to be sent.






Residents and local leaders in Iwakuni and on Okinawa have demanded the plan be scrapped because they say the planes are not safe. Such concerns boiled over after Osprey crashes in Morocco in April and in Florida last month.






Hundreds of protesters turned out to demonstrate against the arrival, some of them aboard small boats.






The planes have been used extensively in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the United States says they have a solid record. The Osprey can fly like an airplane and has tilting rotors that allow it to take off and land like a helicopter. It can fly much faster and carry bigger loads than the CH-46, which it is replacing worldwide.






"Deployment of these aircraft in Japan is a vital component in fulfilling the United States' commitment to provide for the defense of Japan and to help maintain peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region," the U.S. Embassy said in a statement Monday.






The United States has about 19,000 Marines on Okinawa, which also hosts a large U.S. air base. More than half of the roughly 50,000 U.S. troops stationed throughout Japan are based on Okinawa.

-------------------------
14-06-2012. USA.

Air Force Osprey crash at Florida base injures five










Hurlburt Field, Florida (CNN) -- An Air Force CV-22 Osprey crashed Wednesday during a routine training mission north of Navarre, Florida, injuring five crew members aboard, a military official said.







The crash occurred about 6:45 p.m. at Hurlburt Field's Eglin Range, said Amy Nicholson, chief of public affairs at the airfield.







The five injured crew members were taken to an area hospital, Nicholson said. The extent of their injuries was not immediately known.







The cause of the accident is under investigation, she said.







The Osprey was assigned to the 1st Special Operations Wing, the Air Force said. The tilt-rotor aircraft can fly like an airplane and land like a helicopter.







The Army began developing the Osprey in 1982, though the program was nearly scrapped in 1989 when then-Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney sought to cancel it because of ballooning costs.







Questions were raised about the safety of the Osprey after two crashes, including one in 1992 at a Marine Corps air base in Virginia that killed the crew.







In late 2000, the Marine Corps grounded the Osprey fleet after two crashes -- one in Arizona that killed four crew members and 15 passengers, and another in North Carolina that killed the crew.







A redesign was ordered on the Osprey, and it resumed flights in 2002.







The Air Force began using Ospreys in 2008 after testing the aircraft in 2006. They were first deployed by the Marines in Iraq in 2007 after 18 years and $20 billion in development.







-------------------------
26-07-2012. Japon.

US Military Grounds F-16s After Crash off Japan

TOKYO July 26, 2012 (AP) A squadron of U.S. F-16 fighter jets in Japan has been grounded for safety checks after one of their aircraft crashed in the Pacific, military officials said Thursday.



The crash comes as an uproar in Japan has been raised over the deployment of the U.S. Marine Corps' latest transport plane, the MV-22 Osprey, to the southern island of Okinawa. Two Ospreys have crashed since April and swelling opposition to their deployment has become a major political headache for Tokyo and Washington.







The F-16 with the 35th Fighter Squadron at Misawa Air Base crashed Sunday about 250 miles (400 kilometers) off the coast of Hokkaido, Japan's northernmost main island. It was the first crash of an F-16 out of Misawa since 2002.







Staff Sgt. Nathan Lipscomb said the 45 F-16s at Misawa, which is the northernmost U.S. air base in Japan, have been grounded pending safety checks. He said an investigation into the cause of the crash was under way. The aircraft was en route to Alaska when it went down Sunday morning.







The pilot, whose name has not been released, ejected safely and was retrieved after about six hours by a Japanese and U.S. rescue mission. Lipscomb said the pilot is in stable condition and has been taken to a U.S. facility - reportedly in Alaska - but will return to Misawa. He could not immediately provide further details.







The United States has about 50,000 troops stationed throughout Japan under a mutual security pact.



Though Misawa is relatively remote and F-16 crashes rare, concerns over accidents, noise and base-related crimes are endemic in many areas that host the U.S. troops.



Such concerns are especially sensitive on Okinawa, which is home to most of the troops, and the outcry over the Osprey deployment has focused national attention on the potential dangers of U.S. military aircraft.
  
To help ease the uproar, U.S. and Japanese officials met in Tokyo on Thursday to discuss ways to assure the safe operation of the Ospreys in this country. The first 12 Ospreys arrived earlier this week for assembly in the city of Iwakuni and are to be deployed to Okinawa soon, though local officials have strongly criticized the plan.

http://bigstory.ap.org/article/us-military-grounds-f-16s-after-crash-japan



Accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_V-22_Osprey

Accidents and incidents involving the V-22 Osprey
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USAF CV-22 Osprey flies a test mission

The Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey is an American military tiltrotor aircraft. The aircraft was developed by Bell Helicopter, which manufactures it in partnership with Boeing Helicopters.

There have been four significant failures during flight testing,[1] one combat-zone crash,[2] and a number of minor incidents. A dozen V-22s have allegedly been scrapped after unreported mishaps.

Contents
 [hide
[edit] Crashes

The V-22 has had 7 crashes with a total of 36 fatalities.

[edit] June 1991

A miswired flight control system led to two minor injuries when the left nacelle struck the ground while the aircraft was hovering 15 feet (4.6 m) in the air, causing it to bounce and catch fire on 11 June 1991.[1] The pilot, Grady Wilson, suspected that he may have accidentally set the throttle lever the opposite direction to that intended, exacerbating the crash if not causing it.[4]

[edit] July 1992

On 20 July 1992, pre-production V-22 #4's right engine failed and caused the aircraft to drop into the Potomac River by Marine Corps Base Quantico with an audience of congressmen and other government officials. Flammable liquids collected in the right nacelle and led to an engine fire and subsequent failure. All seven on board were killed and the V-22 fleet was grounded for 11 months following the accident.[5][6][1]

[edit] April 2000

A V-22 loaded with Marines, to simulate a rescue, attempted to land at Marana Northwest Regional Airport in Arizona on 8 April 2000. It descended faster than normal (over 2,000 ft/min or 610 m/min) from an unusually high altitude with a forward speed of under 45 miles per hour (72 km/h) when it suddenly stalled its right rotor at 245 feet (75 m), rolled over, crashed, and exploded, killing all nineteen on board.[7][8]

The cause was determined to be vortex ring state (VRS), a fundamental limitation on vertical descent which is common to helicopters. At the time of the mishap, the V-22's flight operations rules restricted the Osprey to a descent rate of 800 feet per minute (4.1 m/s) at airspeeds below 40 knots (74 km/h) (restrictions typical of helicopters); the crew of the V-22 in question exceeded this operating restriction with a rate more than 100% greater.[9]

Another factor that may have triggered VRS was their operating in close proximity, which is believed to be a risk factor for VRS in helicopters. Subsequent testing has shown that the V-22, and the tiltrotor in general, is less susceptible to VRS, the conditions are easily recognized by the pilots; recovery from VRS requires a more natural action by the pilot than recovery in helicopters, the altitude loss is significantly less than for helicopters, and, with sufficient altitude (2,000 ft/610 m or more), VRS recovery is relatively easy.[1]
As a result of testing, the V-22 will have a descent envelope as large as or larger than most helicopters, further enhancing its ability to enter and depart hostile landing zones quickly and safely. The project team also dealt with the problem by adding a simultaneous warning light and voice that says "Sink Rate" when the V-22 approaches half of the VRS-vulnerable descent rate.[1]

[edit] December 2000

On 11 December 2000, a V-22 had a flight control error and crashed near Jacksonville, North Carolina, killing all four aboard. A vibration-induced chafing from an adjacent wiring bundle caused a leak in the hydraulic line which fed the primary side of the swashplate actuators to the right side rotor blade controls. The leak caused a Primary Flight Control System (PFCS) alert. A previously undiscovered error in the aircraft's control software caused it to decelerate in response to each of the pilot's eight attempts to reset the software as a result of the PFCS alert. The uncontrollable aircraft fell 1,600 feet (490 m) and crashed in a forest. The wiring harnesses and hydraulic line routing in the nacelles were subsequently modified. This caused the Marine Corps to ground its fleet of eight V-22s, the second grounding in 2000.[1] [10][11]

[edit] April 2010

On 8 April 2010, a USAF CV-22 crashed in southern Afghanistan.[2] Three US service members and one civilian were killed and 16 injured in the crash.[12] It was initially unclear if the accident was the result of enemy fire.[13][14] The loaded CV-22B was at its hovering capability limit, landing at night near Qalat (altitude approx. 5,000 feet) in brownout conditions, in turbulence due to the location in a gully.[12][15] The USAF investigation ruled out brownout conditions, enemy fire, and vortex ring state as causes. The investigation found several factors that significantly contributed to the crash; these include low visibility, a poorly executed approach, loss of situational awareness, and a high descent rate.[16]
Brig. Gen. Donald Harvel has fingered the "unidentified contrails" during the last 17 seconds of flight as indications of engine troubles.[17] The actual causes of the crash may never be known because US military aircraft destroyed the wreckage and black box recorder.[18]

[edit] April 2012

On 11 April 2012, an MV-22 from the VMM-261 on USS Iwo Jima (LHD-7) crashed near Tan Tan and Agadir, Morocco, during a joint training exercise, named "African Lion". Two Marines were killed and two others were seriously injured, and the aircraft was lost.[19][20][21] U.S. investigators found no mechanical flaw with the aircraft,[22] and human error was determined as the cause.[23]

[edit] June 2012

On 13 June 2012, a USAF CV-22 crashed at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida during training. All five aboard were injured;[24] two were released from hospital shortly after.[25] The aircraft ended upside down and received major damage.[26] The cause of the crash is being investigated.[26][25][27]

[edit] Other accidents and notable incidents

[edit] Early 2006

A V-22 experienced an uncommanded engine acceleration while ground turning at Marine Corps Air Station New River. Since the aircraft regulates power turbine speed with blade pitch, the reaction caused the aircraft to go airborne with the Torque Control Lever (TCL, or throttle) at idle. The aircraft rose 30 feet (9.1 m) into the air, and then fell to the ground with enough force to damage one of its wings; the total amount of damage was approximately US$7 million.[28] It was later found that a miswired cannon plug to one of the engine's two Full Authority Digital Engine Controls (FADEC) was the cause. The FADEC software was also modified to decrease the amount of time needed for the switch between the redundant FADECs to eliminate the possibility of a similar mishap occurring in the future.[29]

[edit] July 2006

A V-22 experienced compressor stalls in its right engine in the middle of its first transatlantic flight to the United Kingdom for the Royal International Air Tattoo and Farnborough Airshow on 11 July 2006.[30] It had to be diverted to Iceland for maintenance. A week later it was announced that other V-22s had been having compressor surges and stalls, and the Navy launched an investigation into it.[31]

[edit] February 2007

The Air Force and Marine Corps commands temporarily grounded their entire fleet on 10 February 2007 after discovering a glitch in a computer chip that could cause the aircraft to lose control.[32]

[edit] March 2007

A V-22 experienced a hydraulic leak that led to an engine-compartment fire before takeoff on 29 March 2007.[33] It was also reported at that time that a more serious nacelle fire occurred on a Marine MV-22 at New River in December 2006.[33][34]

[edit] November 2007

An MV-22 Osprey of VMMT-204 caught fire during a training mission and was forced to make an emergency landing at Camp Lejeune on 6 November 2007. The fire, which started in one of the engine nacelles, caused significant aircraft damage, but no injuries.[35]

After an investigation, it was determined that a design flaw with the engine air particle separator (EAPS) caused it to jam in flight, causing a shock wave in the hydraulics system and subsequent leaks. This hydraulic fluid leaked into the IR suppressors and was the cause of the nacelle fires. As a result, all Block-A V-22 aircraft were placed under flight restrictions until modification kits could be installed. No fielded Marine MV-22s were affected, as those Block-B aircraft already incorporated the modification.[36]

[edit] FY 2009

An Air Force CV-22 suffered a Class A mishap with more than a $1 million in damage during FY 2009. No details were released.[37]